Compensation is something that is many equine owners and professionals do not consider when treating physical issues within their horses body. It is so common that we focus solely on the area that was effected by an injury. We hone in on the area where there is noticeable change such as swelling, heat, an open wound, etc. This spot is usually what gets our immediate attention but it is often not the original or longest standing issue within the body. On that note - it is also not going to be the last if we do not address the body as one unit.
In horses, muscles can compensate for other issues such as pain, injury, or weakness in other parts of the body. When a horse experiences pain or discomfort, its muscles may tense up or become stiff in an attempt to protect the affected area. This can lead to muscle imbalances and stiffness, which can further exacerbate the issue.
When discomfort starts, horses may use other muscle groups to help support or relieve pressure on the affected area. For example, if a horse has pain in the back due to a saddle that doesn’t fit, he may hollow his back to move away from that pressure. Carrying himself in a hollow and stiff position may cause pain and tension in the neck, withers, shoulders, and hind end, depending on how exactly this horse is carrying himself. Similarly, if a horse has a lameness issue in one leg, it may shift its weight onto the other three legs, which can cause those muscles to work harder to support the additional weight.
Over time, these compensatory patterns can become habitual, and the horse may develop muscle imbalances and asymmetries that can lead to further issues. Therefore, it is important for horse owners and trainers to monitor their horse's physical development and movement patterns regularly and address any issues promptly to prevent compensatory patterns from becoming chronic.
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